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- Building RPM SRC Packages
Most simple for RedHat 8.0:
1. install the: rpm-build package
2. run: rpmbuild -ba [spec file name]
- query rpm package file
- How to list package dependencies:
#rpm -qpR [package-1.2.3-1.i386.rpm]
- How to install rpm-s in correct order:
put all rpm's that you want to install in a one dir...
and then :
#rpm -ihv *.rpm
Rpm will install them in correct order
- How to extract files from an rpm:
Extract all the files inside an rpm to the current directory:
#rpm2cpio /path/to/rpm/filename.rpm | cpio -ivd
- List all the RPM with name & version seperate:
#rpm -qa --qf "%{NAME}\t%{VERSION}-%{RELEASE}\n"
- HowtoForge
- Rescue Fedora Core 4
- Since Fedora Core 4 is using GCC 4.0 to compile, it cannot use most 3rd party boot CD / boot floppy to rescue the system (in chroot enviornment) and must use Fedora Core 4's CD1
- When using other boot CD to chroot Fedora Core 4 root, these error may happen:
1) child setpgid (4061 to 4061): No such process,
2) when doing grub-install, /boot/grub/stage1 not read correctly
- Using iptables to rate-limit incoming connections
This is generic, not only for Debian Linux.
e.g. Limit 3 SSH connections per minute (the 4th+ connections will get droped)
iptables -I INPUT -p tcp --dport 22 -i eth0 -m state --state NEW -m recent --set
iptables -I INPUT -p tcp --dport 22 -i eth0 -m state --state NEW -m recent --update \
--seconds 60 --hitcount 4 -j DROP
- Software RAID in RedHat Linux
- Linux RAID FAQ
- Root-on-LVM-on-RAID HOWTO
- Unofficial Kernel 2.4 Root-on-RAID and Root-on-LVM-on-RAID HOWTO
- 1U-Raid5.net - Linux Software RAID website
A bit out-dated, but get the idea of how a bootable Linux Software RAID will work
- To transfer an existing partition /dev/hda1 into a software RAID-1 partition /dev/md0 in Fedora Core 3
- Create enough md devices:
mknod /dev/md0 b 9 0
mknod /dev/md1 b 9 1
mknod /dev/md2 b 9 2
- connect the prepare to be RAID disk as /dev/hdc
- boot up Linux, create partition(s) at /dev/hdc:
hdc1, type: fd, bootable (for root)
hdc2, type: fd (for swap)
- Create & activate initial single disk RAID devices:
/sbin/mdadm --create --verbose --force /dev/md0 --level=1 --raid-devices=1 /dev/hdc1
/sbin/mdadm --create --verbose --force /dev/md0 --level=1 --raid-devices=1 /dev/hdc2
- mke2fs -j /dev/md0
- mkswap /dev/md1
- mount the /dev/md0 to e.g. /mnt2, and transfer files from /dev/hda1
- chroot to /mnt2, modify the fstab to e.g.:
/dev/md0 / ext3 defaults 1 1
none /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0
none /proc proc defaults 0 0
none /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0
/dev/md1 swap swap defaults 0 0
*** Note that a label is not needed at the /dev/md0
- make sure /etc/modprobe.conf contain this for the md0 to be bootable:
alias md-personality-3 raid1
- create an initrd file for booting the software RAID-1
/sbin/mkinitrd --preload raid1 initrd-`uname -r`-raid1.img `uname -r`
*** Make sure /dev/md0 and /dev/md1 is running before run mkinitrd, check with: cat /proc/mdstat
*** Expect run more than 3 min even on a P3 1Ghz system
- modify the grub.conf to contains e.g.:
title Fedora Core-up (2.6.9-1.667) SWRAID1
root (hd0,0)
kernel /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.9-1.667 ro root=/dev/md0
initrd /boot/initrd-2.6.9-1.667-raid.img
- Run grub to make /dev/hdc bootable:
#> grub --batch --no-floppy
grub> root (hd1,0)
grub> setup (hd1)
- exit from chroot, unmount the /dev/hdc, shutdown
- remove the old /dev/hda disk or clean the partiton before boot up.
- boot with hdc, You should be able to boot from the software RAID partition
- After boot up, set the RAID devices to 2 disks:
/sbin/mdadm --grow /dev/md0 --raid-disks=2
/sbin/mdadm --grow /dev/md1 --raid-disks=2
- Create the partitions at hda:
hda1, type: fd, bootable (for root)
hda2, type: fd (for swap)
- Add the partitions at hda to the RAID devices:
/sbin/mdadm --manage /dev/md0 --add /dev/hda1
/sbin/mdadm --manage /dev/md1 --add /dev/hda2
- Wait until the rebuild finish
- Run grub to make /dev/hda bootable, too:
#> grub --batch --no-floppy
grub> root (hd0,0)
grub> setup (hd0)
- *** Other Useful commands:
Stop a MD device:
/sbin/mdadm --manage --stop /dev/md0
Remove a partition from a MD device by clear the superblock:
/sbin/mdadm --misc --zero-superblock /dev/hdc1
Remove a partition from a MD device by clear the superblock:
/sbin/mdadm --misc --zero-superblock /dev/hdc1
Fail and remove hda1 from md0:
/sbin/mdadm --manage /dev/md0 --fail /dev/hda1
/sbin/mdadm --manage /dev/md0 --remove /dev/hda1
- *** root at RAID-5:
You can consider setup the /boot partition with RAID-1 across all the drives (hda1, hdb1, hdc1...etc) , then setup the / partition with RAID-5 on all the drives (hda2, hdb2, hdc2...etc)
- To resize a RAID-1 array in Fedora Core 3 (replace a larger disk)
- Fail and remove a disk, then shutdown, replace with a larger disk, hot add it and let them rebuild. Repeat for all disks.
- Reboot the system after rebuild
- resize the MD device with:
/sbin/mdadm --grow /dev/md0 --size [cal_size]
*** NOTE: [cal_size] number should be 128 smaller than you see in fdisk (reserve 128k at the end for RAID use)
- The sync may be delayed, reboot to let the new MD device sync
- Resize with ext2online: (Need kernel support, I tested Fedora Core 3's 2.6.9-1.667 works)
/usr/sbin/ext2online -v /dev/md0
- Resize swap by rebuild the swap again:
swapoff /dev/md1
mkswap /dev/md1
swapon /dev/md1
- To transfer an existing partition /dev/hda1 into a software RAID-1 partition /dev/md0 in RedHat 8.0
- connect the prepare to be RAID disk as /dev/hdc
- boot up Linux, create partition(s) at /dev/hdc, type: fd
- prepare a dummy /etc/raidtab, create more md devices if needed:
raiddev /dev/md0
raid-level 1
nr-raid-disks 2
chunk-size 4k
persistent-superblock 1
nr-spare-disks 0
device /dev/hdc1
raid-disk 0
device /dev/hdp1
failed-disk 1
- mkraid /dev/md0 to activate the 'failed raid-1 array'
- mke2fs the /dev/md0
- mount the /dev/md0 to e.g. /mnt2, and transfer files from /dev/hda1
- chroot to /mnt2, modify the fstab to e.g.:
/dev/md0 / ext3 defaults 1 1
none /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0
none /proc proc defaults 0 0
none /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0
/dev/md1 swap swap defaults 0 0
- make sure /etc/modules.conf contains:
alias md-personality-3 raid1
- create an initrd file for booting the software RAID-1
/sbin/mkinitrd --preload raid1 initrd-`uname -r`-raid1.img `uname -r`
- modify the grub.conf to contains e.g.:
title Red Hat Linux (2.4.18-14smp) SWRAID1
root (hd0,0)
kernel /boot/vmlinuz-2.4.18-14smp ro root=/dev/md0
initrd /boot/initrd-2.4.18-14smp-raid1.img
- Run grub to make /dev/hdc bootable:
#> grub --batch --no-floppy
grub> root (hd1,0)
grub> setup (hd1)
- exit from chroot, unmount the /dev/hdc, boot up the hdc dummy RAID-1 partition
replace the /dev/hda or clean the partiton before boot up.
- You should be able to boot from the software RAID partition
- Afterboot up, transfer the partition information from /dev/hdc to /dev/hda: (or manual create with fdisk)
sfdisk -d --no-reread /dev/hdc > /tmp/partition
sfdisk /dev/hda < /tmp/partition
- correct the /etc/raidtab:
replace 'failed-disk' to 'raid-disk'
replace '/dev/hdp1' to '/dev/hda1'
- rebuild the array:
raidhotadd /dev/md0 /dev/hda1
- Run grub to make /dev/hda bootable, too:
#> grub --batch --no-floppy
grub> root (hd0,0)
grub> setup (hd0)
- How to change runlevel at boot time?
- Promise RAID card with RedHat / Fedora Linux
- Persistent connection using wvdial
- Special config may needed for persistent connection using wvdial
At /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-pppX, removed all entries except the following:
DEVICE=ppp2
NAME=mobilcom
WVDIALSECT=mobilcom
MODEMPORT=/dev/ttyS0
LINESPEED=115200
PAPNAME=x
USERCTL=true
ONBOOT=no
PERSIST=no
modify /etc/wvdial.conf, set:
Stupid mode = 1
- Setup PPP Server
- Steps to upgrade RedHat 8.0 MySQL from 3.23.xx to 4.0
- install MySQL-shared-compat (4.x)
- uninstall mysql-server (3.x)
- uninstall mysql (3.x)
- install MySQL-client (4.x)
- install MySQL-server (4.x)
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IPSec
PPTP
- Fedora Core 4: Public key for autoconf-2.59-5.noarch.rpm is not installed:
Retrieving GPG key from file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-fedora
GPG key at file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-fedora (0x4F2A6FD2) is already installed
The GPG keys listed for the "Fedora Core 4 - i386 - Base" repository are already installed but they are not correct for this package.
- Solution: install the GPG key by: rpm --import /usr/share/rhn/RPM-GPG-KEY
- module-info and system.map
- Fedora Core 1 on VMware installation problem (VMware Workstation internal monitor error)
- HTML::Mason perl module in RedHat 8.0
- Setup Perl CPAN
- After installed a kernel RPM, grubby fatal error: unable to find a suitable template
- There was an SSL error: [('SSL routines', 'SSL3_GET_SERVER_CERTIFICATE', 'certificate verify failed')]
- "Call to undefined function: pg_connect()" in PHP script
- Try to re-install the php-pgsql package with both latest php & postgresql installed
- RPM hang when using 'rpm -e package-name'
- This is an rpm bug. remove /var/lib/rpm/__db.*, then run rpm --rebuilddb (15mins on a P3 700Mhz machine)
- Fedora Core 1 cannot use up2date due to Keyring error
- RedHat 7.0 hangs at "Freeing unused kernel memory: "
- glibc & glibc-common maybe installed with i686 binary, try to find a way to replace the system's glibc into i386 binary
- Maybe due to glibc for Pentium Pro used
...RH 7.0 automatically installs glibc for a Pentium Pro or later if that cpu is present during install...?
- Maybe turn off apm
pass kernel parameter: apm=off (not work for me)
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